diff --git a/syndicate/broker/client.rkt b/syndicate/broker/client.rkt
index c207294..bda73df 100644
--- a/syndicate/broker/client.rkt
+++ b/syndicate/broker/client.rkt
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@
   (on (message (broker-packet address (Ping)))
       (w (Pong)))
 
-  (during (observe (from-broker address $spec))
+  (during (observe ($ pat (from-broker address $spec)))
     (define ep (next-ep))
     (on-start (w (Assert ep (observe spec))))
     (on-stop (w (Clear ep)))
     (on (message (broker-packet address (Add ep $vs)))
-        (react (assert (instantiate-term->value (from-broker address spec) vs))
+        (react (assert (instantiate-term->value pat vs))
                (stop-when (message (broker-packet address (Del ep vs))))))
     (on (message (broker-packet address (Msg ep $vs)))
-        (send! (instantiate-term->value (from-broker address spec) vs)))))
+        (send! (instantiate-term->value pat vs)))))
diff --git a/syndicate/mc/udp-dataspace.rkt b/syndicate/mc/udp-dataspace.rkt
index 8062a83..08aa28c 100644
--- a/syndicate/mc/udp-dataspace.rkt
+++ b/syndicate/mc/udp-dataspace.rkt
@@ -81,7 +81,11 @@
                              x
                              (lambda (op . captured-values)
                                (when (eq? op '+)
-                                 (define term (instantiate-term->value pattern captured-values))
+                                 (define term
+                                   (instantiate-term->value pattern captured-values
+                                                            #:visibility-restriction-proj #f))
+                                 ;; TODO: flawed?? Needs visibility-restriction, or some other way
+                                 ;; of ignoring the opaque placeholders!
                                  (schedule-script!
                                   (current-actor)
                                   (lambda ()
diff --git a/syndicate/relay.rkt b/syndicate/relay.rkt
index c73217c..d5168c2 100644
--- a/syndicate/relay.rkt
+++ b/syndicate/relay.rkt
@@ -77,34 +77,35 @@
           (define outer-capture-proj (term->capture-proj x))
           (define inner-capture-proj (map (lambda (p) (cons 0 p)) outer-capture-proj))
           ;; ^ inner-capture-proj accounts for the extra (inbound ...) layer around assertions
-          (define i (term->skeleton-interest
-                     x
-                     #:capture-projection outer-capture-proj
-                     (lambda (op . captured-values)
-                       (define term (inbound (instantiate-term->value x captured-values)))
-                       (define assertion (visibility-restriction inner-capture-proj term))
-                       ;; (log-info "~a => ~a ~a ~v"
-                       ;;           outer-facet
-                       ;;           inner-facet
-                       ;;           op
-                       ;;           assertion)
-                       (match op
-                         ['+ (apply-patch! inner-ds inner-actor (bag assertion +1))]
-                         ['- (apply-patch! inner-ds inner-actor (bag assertion -1))]
-                         ['! (send-assertion! (dataspace-routing-table inner-ds) assertion)])
-                       (schedule-inner!))
-                     #:cleanup
-                     (lambda (cache)
-                       (apply-patch!
-                        inner-ds
-                        inner-actor
-                        (for/bag/count [(captured-values (in-bag cache))]
-                          ;; (log-info "~a (cleanup) ~v" inner-actor term)
-                          (values (visibility-restriction
-                                   inner-capture-proj
-                                   (inbound (instantiate-term->value x captured-values)))
-                                  -1)))
-                       (schedule-inner!))))
+          (define i
+            (term->skeleton-interest
+             x
+             #:capture-projection outer-capture-proj
+             (lambda (op . captured-values)
+               (define assertion
+                 (instantiate-term->value (inbound x) captured-values
+                                          #:visibility-restriction-proj inner-capture-proj))
+               ;; (log-info "~a => ~a ~a ~v"
+               ;;           outer-facet
+               ;;           inner-facet
+               ;;           op
+               ;;           assertion)
+               (match op
+                 ['+ (apply-patch! inner-ds inner-actor (bag assertion +1))]
+                 ['- (apply-patch! inner-ds inner-actor (bag assertion -1))]
+                 ['! (send-assertion! (dataspace-routing-table inner-ds) assertion)])
+               (schedule-inner!))
+             #:cleanup
+             (lambda (cache)
+               (apply-patch!
+                inner-ds
+                inner-actor
+                (for/bag/count [(captured-values (in-bag cache))]
+                  ;; (log-info "~a (cleanup) ~v" inner-actor term)
+                  (values (instantiate-term->value (inbound x) captured-values
+                                                   #:visibility-restriction-proj inner-capture-proj)
+                          -1)))
+               (schedule-inner!))))
           (add-endpoint-if-live! outer-facet
                                  inbound-endpoints
                                  x
diff --git a/syndicate/skeleton.rkt b/syndicate/skeleton.rkt
index 2453f5f..9a1a57d 100644
--- a/syndicate/skeleton.rkt
+++ b/syndicate/skeleton.rkt
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 ;; A VisibilityRestriction describes ... TODO
 ;; (visibility-restriction SkProj Assertion)
-(struct visibility-restriction (path term) #:transparent)
+(struct visibility-restriction (proj term) #:transparent)
 
 ;; A ScopedAssertion is a VisibilityRestriction or an Assertion.
 ;; (Corollary: Instances of `visibility-restriction` can never be assertions.)
diff --git a/syndicate/term.rkt b/syndicate/term.rkt
index aa0d051..3117947 100644
--- a/syndicate/term.rkt
+++ b/syndicate/term.rkt
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@
 ;; otherwise-potentially-matching constant positions in instantiated
 ;; terms
 
-(define (instantiate-term->value t actuals)
+(define (instantiate-term->value t actuals
+                                 #:visibility-restriction-proj [vrproj (term->capture-proj t)])
   (define (pop-actual!)
     (define v (car actuals))
     (set! actuals (cdr actuals))
@@ -129,7 +130,9 @@
        (for/vector [(tt t)] (walk tt))]
       [other other]))
 
-  (walk t))
+  (if vrproj
+      (visibility-restriction vrproj (walk t))
+      (walk t)))
 
 ;; Omits captures.
 (define (term-intersect t1 t2 ks kf)