diff --git a/driver.rkt b/driver.rkt
index 33e304a..1cb831b 100644
--- a/driver.rkt
+++ b/driver.rkt
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@
   (ground-vm: ((inst udp-driver Void))
 	      ((inst generic-spy Void) 'UDP)
 	      (nested-vm: : Void
-	       ((inst dns-spy Void))
-	       ((inst dns-read-driver Void) local-addr)
-	       ((inst dns-write-driver Void) local-addr)
+	       (spawn: #:parent : Void #:child : Void (dns-spy))
+	       (spawn: #:parent : Void #:child : Void (dns-read-driver local-addr))
+	       (spawn: #:parent : Void #:child : Void (dns-write-driver local-addr))
 	       (endpoint: : Void #:subscriber (bad-dns-packet (wild) (wild) (wild) (wild))
 	       		  [p (begin (log-error (pretty-format p))
 	       			    '())])
diff --git a/tk-dns.rkt b/tk-dns.rkt
index 07e2b3d..420459d 100644
--- a/tk-dns.rkt
+++ b/tk-dns.rkt
@@ -55,27 +55,25 @@
 				   (U Wild UdpAddressPattern))
 		   DNSReplyPattern dns-reply-pattern dns-reply-pattern?)
 
-(: dns-read-driver : (All (ParentState) UdpAddress -> (Action ParentState)))
+(: dns-read-driver : UdpAddress -> (Transition Void))
 (define (dns-read-driver s)
-  (spawn: #:parent : ParentState
-	  #:child : Void
-	  (transition: (void) : Void
-	    (at-meta-level
-	     (endpoint: : Void
-			#:subscriber (udp-packet-pattern (wild) s (wild))
-			[(udp-packet source (== s) #"")
-			 (begin (log-info "Debug dump packet received")
-				(send-message `(debug-dump)))]
-			[(udp-packet source (== s) body)
-			 (send-message
-			  (with-handlers ((exn:fail? (lambda (e)
-						       (bad-dns-packet body source s 'unparseable))))
-			    (define message (packet->dns-message body))
-			    (case (dns-message-direction message)
-			      ((request) (dns-request message source s))
-			      ((response) (dns-reply message source s)))))])))))
+  (transition: (void) : Void
+    (at-meta-level
+     (endpoint: : Void
+		#:subscriber (udp-packet-pattern (wild) s (wild))
+		[(udp-packet source (== s) #"")
+		 (begin (log-info "Debug dump packet received")
+			(send-message `(debug-dump)))]
+		[(udp-packet source (== s) body)
+		 (send-message
+		  (with-handlers ((exn:fail? (lambda (e)
+					       (bad-dns-packet body source s 'unparseable))))
+		    (define message (packet->dns-message body))
+		    (case (dns-message-direction message)
+		      ((request) (dns-request message source s))
+		      ((response) (dns-reply message source s)))))]))))
 
-(: dns-write-driver : (All (ParentState) UdpAddress -> (Action ParentState)))
+(: dns-write-driver : UdpAddress -> (Transition Void))
 (define (dns-write-driver s)
   (: translate : DNSMessage UdpAddress -> (ActionTree Void))
   (define (translate message sink)
@@ -83,33 +81,29 @@
 				 (send-message (bad-dns-packet message s sink 'unencodable)))))
       (at-meta-level
        (send-message (udp-packet s sink (dns-message->packet message))))))
-  (spawn: #:parent : ParentState
-	  #:child : Void
-	  (transition: (void) : Void
-	    (endpoint: : Void
-		       #:subscriber (dns-request (wild) s (wild))
-		       [(dns-request message (== s) sink) (translate message sink)])
-	    (endpoint: : Void
-		       #:subscriber (dns-reply   (wild) s (wild))
-		       [(dns-reply   message (== s) sink) (translate message sink)]))))
+  (transition: (void) : Void
+    (endpoint: : Void
+	       #:subscriber (dns-request (wild) s (wild))
+	       [(dns-request message (== s) sink) (translate message sink)])
+    (endpoint: : Void
+	       #:subscriber (dns-reply   (wild) s (wild))
+	       [(dns-reply   message (== s) sink) (translate message sink)])))
 
-(: dns-spy : (All (ParentState) -> (Action ParentState)))
+(: dns-spy : -> (Transition Void))
 (define (dns-spy)
-  (spawn: #:parent : ParentState
-	  #:child : Void
-	  (transition: (void) : Void
-	    (endpoint: : Void
-		       #:subscriber (wild) #:observer
-		       [(dns-request message source sink)
-			(begin (log-info (format "DNS: ~v asks ~v ~v~n   : ~v"
-						 source sink (dns-message-id message)
-						 (dns-message-questions message)))
-			       (void))]
-		       [(dns-reply message source sink)
-			(begin (log-info (format "DNS: ~v answers ~v~n   : ~v"
-						 source sink
-						 message))
-			       (void))]
-		       [x
-			(begin (log-info (format "DNS: ~v" x))
-			       (void))]))))
+  (transition: (void) : Void
+    (endpoint: : Void
+	       #:subscriber (wild) #:observer
+	       [(dns-request message source sink)
+		(begin (log-info (format "DNS: ~v asks ~v ~v~n   : ~v"
+					 source sink (dns-message-id message)
+					 (dns-message-questions message)))
+		       (void))]
+	       [(dns-reply message source sink)
+		(begin (log-info (format "DNS: ~v answers ~v~n   : ~v"
+					 source sink
+					 message))
+		       (void))]
+	       [x
+		(begin (log-info (format "DNS: ~v" x))
+		       (void))])))