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preserves
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Binary writer draft

This commit is contained in:
Tony Garnock-Jones 2023-06-23 15:40:05 +02:00
parent 60f23286e2
commit 9c5368b69b
7 changed files with 871 additions and 571 deletions
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4
implementations/cpp/Makefile
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@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
CXX=g++ -std=c++14 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -g -O0 -I googletest
HEADERS=$(wildcard preserves*.hpp)
test: all
./m
all: m
m: main.cpp preserves.hpp preserves_text.hpp preserves_binary.hpp googletest.a
m: main.cpp $(HEADERS) googletest.a
$(CXX) -o $@ main.cpp googletest.a
googletest.a: googletest/src/gtest-all.o googletest/src/gtest_main.o

1
implementations/cpp/main.cpp
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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
#include "preserves.hpp"
#include "preserves_binary.hpp"
#include <fstream>

549
implementations/cpp/preserves.hpp
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@ -1,546 +1,7 @@
#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <limits>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
namespace Preserves {
enum class ValueKind {
Boolean,
Float,
Double,
SignedInteger,
String,
ByteString,
Symbol,
Record,
Sequence,
Set,
Dictionary,
Embedded,
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded> class Record;
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded> class ValueImpl;
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Value {
std::shared_ptr<ValueImpl<T>> p;
public:
Value(std::shared_ptr<ValueImpl<T>> const& p) : p(p) {}
Value(ValueImpl<T> *p) : p(p) {}
std::shared_ptr<ValueImpl<T>> _impl() const { return p; }
static Value from_bool(bool b);
static Value from_float(float f);
static Value from_double(double d);
static Value from_int(uint64_t i);
static Value from_int(int64_t i);
static Value from_string(std::string const& s);
static Value from_bytes(std::vector<uint8_t> const& v);
static Value from_bytes(std::vector<char> const& v);
static Value from_bytes(void *p, size_t len);
static Value from_symbol(std::string const& s);
static Value record(Record<T> const& r);
static Value record(Value const& label, std::vector<Value> const& fields);
static Value sequence(std::vector<Value> const& items);
static Value set(std::set<Value> const& items);
static Value dictionary(std::map<Value, Value> const& entries);
static Value from_embedded(std::shared_ptr<T> const& p);
static Value from_unsigned(uint64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from_signed(int64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from_bignum(std::vector<uint8_t> const& v);
static Value from_number(uint64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from_number(int64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from_number(float f) { return from_float(f); }
static Value from_number(double d) { return from_double(d); }
static Value from(bool b) { return from_bool(b); }
static Value from(float f) { return from_float(f); }
static Value from(double d) { return from_double(d); }
static Value from(uint64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from(unsigned i) { return from_int(uint64_t(i)); }
static Value from(int64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from(signed i) { return from_int(int64_t(i)); }
static Value from(std::string const& s) { return from_string(s); }
static Value from(char const* s) { return from_string(s); }
static Value from(std::vector<uint8_t> const& v) { return from_bytes(v); }
static Value from(std::vector<char> const& v) { return from_bytes(v); }
static Value from(void *p, size_t len) { return from_bytes(p, len); }
static Value from(Record<T> const& r) { return record(r); }
static Value from(Value const& label, std::vector<Value> const& fields) { return record(label, fields); }
static Value from(std::vector<Value> const& items) { return sequence(items); }
static Value from(std::set<Value> const& items) { return set(items); }
static Value from(std::map<Value, Value> const& entries) { return dictionary(entries); }
ValueImpl<T>& operator*() const { return *p; }
ValueImpl<T>* operator->() const { return p.get(); }
ValueKind value_kind() const;
bool is_mutable() const;
bool is_bool() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Boolean; }
bool is_float() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Float; }
bool is_double() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Double; }
bool is_int() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::SignedInteger; }
bool is_string() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::String; }
bool is_bytes() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::ByteString; }
bool is_symbol() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Symbol; }
bool is_record() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Record; }
bool is_sequence() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Sequence; }
bool is_set() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Set; }
bool is_dictionary() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Dictionary; }
boost::optional<bool> as_bool() const;
bool to_bool() const { return as_bool().value(); }
boost::optional<float> as_float() const;
float to_float() const { return as_float().value(); }
boost::optional<double> as_double() const;
double to_double() const { return as_double().value(); }
boost::optional<uint64_t> as_unsigned() const;
uint64_t to_unsigned() const { return as_unsigned().value(); }
boost::optional<int64_t> as_signed() const;
int64_t to_signed() const { return as_signed().value(); }
boost::optional<std::vector<uint8_t> const&> as_bignum() const;
std::vector<uint8_t> const& to_bignum() const { return as_bignum().value(); }
boost::optional<std::string const&> as_string() const;
std::string const& to_string() const { return as_string().value(); }
boost::optional<std::vector<uint8_t> const&> as_bytes() const;
std::vector<uint8_t> const& to_bytes() const { return as_bytes().value(); }
boost::optional<std::string const&> as_symbol() const;
std::string const& to_symbol() const { return as_symbol().value(); }
boost::optional<Record<T> const&> as_record() const;
Record<T> const& to_record() const { return as_record().value(); };
boost::optional<std::vector<Value> const&> as_sequence() const;
std::vector<Value> const& to_sequence() const { return as_sequence().value(); }
boost::optional<std::set<Value> const&> as_set() const;
std::set<Value> const& to_set() const { return as_set().value(); }
boost::optional<std::map<Value,Value> const&> as_dictionary() const;
std::map<Value,Value> const& to_dictionary() const { return as_dictionary().value(); }
boost::optional<std::shared_ptr<T>> as_embedded() const;
std::shared_ptr<T> to_embedded() const { return as_embedded().value(); }
boost::optional<Value> label() const;
size_t size() const;
bool contains(Value const& key) const;
boost::optional<Value> get(Value const& key) const;
Value operator[](Value const& key) const { return get(key).value(); }
boost::optional<Value> get(size_t index) const;
Value operator[](size_t index) const { return get(index).value(); }
};
template <typename T>
class ValueImpl {
public:
virtual ~ValueImpl() {}
virtual ValueKind value_kind() const = 0;
virtual bool is_mutable() const { return false; }
virtual boost::optional<bool> as_bool() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<float> as_float() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<double> as_double() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<uint64_t> as_unsigned() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<int64_t> as_signed() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::vector<uint8_t> const&> as_bignum() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::string const&> as_string() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::vector<uint8_t> const&> as_bytes() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::string const&> as_symbol() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<Record<T> const&> as_record() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::vector<Value<T>> const&> as_sequence() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::set<Value<T>> const&> as_set() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::map<Value<T>,Value<T>> const&> as_dictionary() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::shared_ptr<T>> as_embedded() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<Value<T>> label() const { return boost::none; }
virtual size_t size() const { return 0; }
virtual bool contains(Value<T> const& /* key */) const { return false; }
virtual boost::optional<Value<T>> get(Value<T> const& /* key */) const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<Value<T>> get(size_t /* index */) const { return boost::none; }
virtual bool add(Value<T> const& /* item */) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot add item to Preserves value");
}
virtual bool set(Value<T> const& /* key */, Value<T> const& /* value */) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot set item by key in Preserves value");
}
virtual bool set(size_t /* index */, Value<T> const& /* value */) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot set item by index in Preserves value");
}
virtual bool erase(Value<T> const& /* key */) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot erase item in Preserves value");
}
};
template <typename T> inline ValueKind Value<T>::value_kind() const { return p->value_kind(); }
template <typename T> inline bool Value<T>::is_mutable() const { return p->is_mutable(); }
template <typename T, typename Atom, ValueKind kind>
class Atomic: public ValueImpl<T> {
protected:
Atom value;
public:
Atomic(Atom const& value) : value(value) {}
Atom& _value() { return value; }
ValueKind value_kind() const { return kind; }
};
#define PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Name, a_t, r_t, VK, getter, extra) \
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded> \
class Name: public Atomic<T, a_t, VK> { \
public: \
Name(a_t const& value) : Atomic<T, a_t, VK>(value) {} \
boost::optional<r_t> getter() const override { return this->value; } \
extra \
}
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Boolean, bool, bool, ValueKind::Boolean, as_bool,);
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Float, float, float, ValueKind::Float, as_float,
boost::optional<double> as_double() const override {
return this->value;
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Double, double, double, ValueKind::Double, as_double,);
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Uint64, uint64_t, uint64_t, ValueKind::SignedInteger, as_unsigned,
boost::optional<int64_t> as_signed() const override {
if (this->value <= uint64_t(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max())) {
return this->value;
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
boost::optional<float> as_float() const override {
if (uint64_t(float(this->value)) == this->value) {
return float(this->value);
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
boost::optional<double> as_double() const override {
if (uint64_t(double(this->value)) == this->value) {
return double(this->value);
} else {
return boost::none;
}
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Int64, int64_t, int64_t, ValueKind::SignedInteger, as_signed,
boost::optional<uint64_t> as_unsigned() const override {
if (this->value >= 0) {
return this->value;
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
boost::optional<float> as_float() const override {
if (int64_t(float(this->value)) == this->value) {
return float(this->value);
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
boost::optional<double> as_double() const override {
if (int64_t(double(this->value)) == this->value) {
return double(this->value);
} else {
return boost::none;
}
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(BigNum, std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t> const&, ValueKind::SignedInteger, as_bignum,);
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(String, std::string, std::string const&, ValueKind::String, as_string,);
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(ByteString, std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t> const&, ValueKind::ByteString, as_bytes,);
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Symbol, std::string, std::string const&, ValueKind::Symbol, as_symbol,);
template <typename T>
class Record: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
Value<T> labelValue;
std::vector<Value<T>> fields;
Record(Value<T> const& label) : labelValue(label), fields() {}
Record(Value<T> const& label, std::vector<Value<T>> const& fields) : labelValue(label), fields(fields) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Record; }
boost::optional<Value<T>> label() const override { return labelValue; }
size_t size() const { return fields.size(); }
boost::optional<Value<T>> get(size_t index) const {
if (index < size()) {
return fields[index];
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
bool add(Value<T> const& value) override {
fields.push_back(value);
return true;
}
bool set(size_t index, Value<T> const& value) override {
if (index < size()) {
fields[index] = value;
}
return false;
}
bool operator<(Record<T> const& other) const {
if (labelValue < other.labelValue) return true;
if (other.labelValue < labelValue) return false;
return fields < other.fields;
}
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Sequence: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
std::vector<Value<T>> values;
Sequence() : values() {}
Sequence(std::vector<Value<T>> const& values) : values(values) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Sequence; }
boost::optional<std::vector<Value<T>> const&> as_sequence() const override {
return values;
}
size_t size() const override { return values.size(); }
boost::optional<Value<T>> get(size_t index) const override {
if (index < size()) {
return values[index];
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
bool add(Value<T> const& value) override {
values.push_back(value);
return true;
}
bool set(size_t index, Value<T> const& value) override {
if (index < size()) {
values[index] = value;
}
return false;
}
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Set: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
std::set<Value<T>> values;
Set() : values() {}
Set(std::set<Value<T>> const& values) : values(values) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Set; }
boost::optional<std::set<Value<T>> const&> as_set() const override {
return values;
}
size_t size() const override { return values.size(); }
bool contains(Value<T> const& key) const override { return values.count(key) > 0; }
bool add(Value<T> const& value) override {
return values.insert(value).second;
}
bool erase(Value<T> const& value) override {
return values.erase(value) > 0;
}
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Dictionary: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
std::map<Value<T>, Value<T>> values;
Dictionary() : values() {}
Dictionary(std::map<Value<T>, Value<T>> const& values) : values(values) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Dictionary; }
boost::optional<std::map<Value<T>, Value<T>> const&> as_dictionary() const override {
return values;
}
size_t size() const override { return values.size(); }
bool contains(Value<T> const& key) const override { return values.count(key) > 0; }
boost::optional<Value<T>> get(Value<T> const& key) const override {
auto i = values.find(key);
if (i == values.end()) return boost::none;
return i->second;
}
bool set(Value<T> const& key, Value<T> const& value) override {
return values.emplace(key, value).second;
}
bool erase(Value<T> const& key) override {
return values.erase(key) > 0;
}
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Embedded: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
std::shared_ptr<T> value;
Embedded(std::shared_ptr<T> const& value) : value(value) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Embedded; }
boost::optional<std::shared_ptr<T>> as_embedded() const override {
return value;
}
};
class GenericEmbedded: public Value<GenericEmbedded> {
public:
GenericEmbedded(std::shared_ptr<ValueImpl<GenericEmbedded>> p) :
Value(p)
{}
static std::shared_ptr<GenericEmbedded> wrap(Value<> v) {
return std::make_shared<GenericEmbedded>(v._impl());
}
};
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_bool(bool b)
{
return Value<T>(new Boolean<T>(b));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_float(float f)
{
return Value<T>(new Float<T>(f));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_double(double d)
{
return Value<T>(new Double<T>(d));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_int(uint64_t i)
{
return Value<T>(new Uint64<T>(i));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_int(int64_t i) {
return Value<T>(new Int64<T>(i));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_string(std::string const& s) {
return Value<T>(new String<T>(s));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::sequence(std::vector<Value<T>> const& values) {
return Value<T>(new Sequence<T>(values));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_embedded(std::shared_ptr<T> const& v) {
return Value<T>(new Embedded<T>(v));
}
#define PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(t, name) \
template <typename T> boost::optional<t> Value<T>::name() const { return p->name(); }
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(bool, as_bool);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(float, as_float);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(double, as_double);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(uint64_t, as_unsigned);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(int64_t, as_signed);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::vector<uint8_t> const&, as_bignum);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::string const&, as_string);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::vector<uint8_t> const&, as_bytes);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::string const&, as_symbol);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(Record<T> const&, as_record);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::vector<Value<T>> const&, as_sequence);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::set<Value<T>> const&, as_set);
#define COMMA ,
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::map<Value<T> COMMA Value<T>> const&, as_dictionary);
#undef COMMA
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::shared_ptr<T>, as_embedded);
#undef PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST
template <typename T> boost::optional<Value<T>> Value<T>::get(size_t index) const { return p->get(index); }
template <typename T> size_t Value<T>::size() const { return p->size(); }
bool bignum_lt(std::vector<uint8_t> const& a, std::vector<uint8_t> const& b) {
bool aNegative = (a.size() > 0) && (a[0] & 0x80);
bool bNegative = (b.size() > 0) && (b[0] & 0x80);
if (aNegative != bNegative) return aNegative;
if (aNegative) {
if (a.size() > b.size()) return true;
if (a.size() < b.size()) return false;
return a < b;
} else {
if (a.size() > b.size()) return false;
if (a.size() < b.size()) return true;
return a < b;
}
}
template <typename T>
bool operator<(Value<T> const& a, Value<T> const &b) {
auto aKind = a.value_kind();
auto bKind = b.value_kind();
if (aKind < bKind) return true;
if (bKind < aKind) return false;
switch (aKind) {
case ValueKind::Boolean: return a.to_bool() < b.to_bool();
case ValueKind::Float: return a.to_float() < b.to_float();
case ValueKind::Double: return a.to_double() < b.to_double();
case ValueKind::SignedInteger: {
if (auto av = a.as_signed()) {
if (auto bv = b.as_signed()) {
return *av < *bv;
} else {
return true;
}
} else {
if (auto bv = b.as_signed()) {
return false;
} else {
if (auto av = a.as_unsigned()) {
if (auto bv = b.as_unsigned()) {
return *av < *bv;
} else {
return true;
}
} else {
if (auto bv = b.as_unsigned()) {
return false;
} else {
return bignum_lt(a.to_bignum(), b.to_bignum());
}
}
}
}
}
case ValueKind::String: return a.to_string() < b.to_string();
case ValueKind::ByteString: return a.to_bytes() < b.to_bytes();
case ValueKind::Symbol: return a.to_symbol() < b.to_symbol();
case ValueKind::Record: return a.to_record() < b.to_record();
case ValueKind::Sequence: return a.to_sequence() < b.to_sequence();
case ValueKind::Set: return a.to_set() < b.to_set();
case ValueKind::Dictionary: return a.to_dictionary() < b.to_dictionary();
case ValueKind::Embedded: return *a.to_embedded() < *b.to_embedded();
default: throw std::runtime_error("Invalid ValueKind");
}
}
}
#include "preserves_value.hpp"
#include "preserves_text.hpp"
#include "preserves_binary_writer.hpp"
#include "preserves_impl.hpp"
#include "preserves_binary_reader.hpp"

27
implementations/cpp/preserves_binary.hpp → implementations/cpp/preserves_binary_reader.hpp
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@ -1,35 +1,12 @@
#pragma once
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include "preserves.hpp"
namespace Preserves {
enum class BinaryTag {
False = 0x80,
True = 0x81,
Float = 0x82,
Double = 0x83,
End = 0x84,
Annotation = 0x85,
Embedded = 0x86,
SmallInteger_lo = 0x90,
SmallInteger_hi = 0x9f,
MediumInteger_lo = 0xa0,
MediumInteger_hi = 0xaf,
SignedInteger = 0xb0,
String = 0xb1,
ByteString = 0xb2,
Symbol = 0xb3,
Record = 0xb4,
Sequence = 0xb5,
Set = 0xb6,
Dictionary = 0xb7,
};
template <typename T = GenericEmbedded>
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class BinaryReader {
std::istream& i;
std::function<std::shared_ptr<T>(Value<>)> decodeEmbedded;

250
implementations/cpp/preserves_binary_writer.hpp Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
#pragma once
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
namespace Preserves {
enum class BinaryTag {
False = 0x80,
True = 0x81,
Float = 0x82,
Double = 0x83,
End = 0x84,
Annotation = 0x85,
Embedded = 0x86,
SmallInteger_lo = 0x90,
SmallInteger_hi = 0x9f,
MediumInteger_lo = 0xa0,
MediumInteger_hi = 0xaf,
SignedInteger = 0xb0,
String = 0xb1,
ByteString = 0xb2,
Symbol = 0xb3,
Record = 0xb4,
Sequence = 0xb5,
Set = 0xb6,
Dictionary = 0xb7,
};
class BinaryWriter {
std::ostream& o;
public:
BinaryWriter(std::ostream& o) : o(o) {}
std::ostream& stream() const { return o; }
BinaryWriter& put(uint8_t b) {
o.put(b);
return *this;
}
BinaryWriter& operator<<(BinaryTag const& t) {
return put(uint8_t(t));
}
BinaryWriter& write(void const* buf, size_t size) {
o.write(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(buf), size);
return *this;
}
BinaryWriter& varint(size_t n) {
while (n >= 0x80) {
put(uint8_t(0x80 | (n & 0x7f)));
n >>= 7;
}
return put(uint8_t(n & 0x7f));
}
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryTag const& tag, void const* buf, size_t size) {
(*this) << tag;
varint(size);
return write(buf, size);
}
BinaryWriter& bignum(std::vector<uint8_t> const& n) {
if (n.size() == 0) return (*this) << BinaryTag::SmallInteger_lo;
size_t startOffset = 0;
if (n[0] & 0x80) {
if (n.size() == 1 && int8_t(n[0]) >= -3) {
return put(uint8_t(int(BinaryTag::SmallInteger_lo) + 16 + int8_t(n[0])));
} else {
while (true) {
if (startOffset == n.size() - 1) break;
if (n[startOffset] != 0xff) break;
startOffset++;
if ((n[startOffset] & 0x80) != 0x80) {
startOffset--;
break;
}
}
}
} else {
if (n.size() == 1 && n[0] <= 12) {
return put(uint8_t(int(BinaryTag::SmallInteger_lo) + n[0]));
} else {
while (true) {
if (startOffset == n.size() - 1) break;
if (n[startOffset] != 0x00) break;
startOffset++;
if ((n[startOffset] & 0x80) != 0x00) {
startOffset--;
break;
}
}
}
}
size_t count = n.size() - startOffset;
if (count > 16) {
(*this) << BinaryTag::SignedInteger;
varint(count);
} else {
put(uint8_t(int(BinaryTag::MediumInteger_lo) + count - 1));
}
return write(&n[startOffset], count);
}
BinaryWriter& string(std::string const& s) {
return write(BinaryTag::String, &s[0], s.size());
}
BinaryWriter& symbol(std::string const& s) {
return write(BinaryTag::Symbol, &s[0], s.size());
}
BinaryWriter& bytes(std::vector<uint8_t> const& v) {
return bytes(v.data(), v.size());
}
BinaryWriter& bytes(void const* buf, size_t size) {
return write(BinaryTag::ByteString, buf, size);
}
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
BinaryWriter& operator<<(Value<T> const& v) {
return v->write(*this);
}
template <typename Iter>
BinaryWriter& writeseq(Iter const& begin, Iter const& end) {
for (Iter i = begin; i != end; ++i) (*this) << (*i);
return *this;
}
template <typename Collection>
BinaryWriter& operator<<(Collection const& c) {
return writeseq(c.begin(), c.end());
}
template <typename T>
BinaryWriter& record(Value<T> const& label, std::vector<Value<T>> const& fields) {
return (*this) << BinaryTag::Record << label << fields << BinaryTag::End;
}
template <typename T>
BinaryWriter& sequence(std::vector<Value<T>> const& vs) {
return (*this) << BinaryTag::Sequence << vs << BinaryTag::End;
}
template <typename T>
BinaryWriter& set(std::set<Value<T>> const& vs) {
return (*this) << BinaryTag::Set << vs << BinaryTag::End;
}
template <typename T>
BinaryWriter& dictionary(std::map<Value<T>, Value<T>> const& vs) {
(*this) << BinaryTag::Dictionary;
for (auto& i : vs) { (*this) << i.first << i.second; }
return (*this) << BinaryTag::End;
}
};
inline BinaryWriter& operator<<(BinaryWriter& w, bool b) {
return w << (b ? BinaryTag::True : BinaryTag::False);
}
inline BinaryWriter& operator<<(BinaryWriter& w, float f) {
uint32_t n;
memcpy(&n, &f, sizeof(f));
uint8_t buf[4];
buf[0] = (n >> 24) & 0xff;
buf[1] = (n >> 16) & 0xff;
buf[2] = (n >> 8) & 0xff;
buf[3] = (n) & 0xff;
w << BinaryTag::Float;
return w.write(buf, sizeof(buf));
}
inline BinaryWriter& operator<<(BinaryWriter& w, double d) {
uint64_t n;
memcpy(&n, &d, sizeof(d));
uint8_t buf[8];
buf[0] = (n >> 56) & 0xff;
buf[1] = (n >> 48) & 0xff;
buf[2] = (n >> 40) & 0xff;
buf[3] = (n >> 32) & 0xff;
buf[4] = (n >> 24) & 0xff;
buf[5] = (n >> 16) & 0xff;
buf[6] = (n >> 8) & 0xff;
buf[7] = (n) & 0xff;
w << BinaryTag::Double;
return w.write(buf, sizeof(buf));
}
template <uint64_t wholeTest, uint64_t bitTest>
int _shift_for(uint64_t u) {
int shift = 56;
while (true) {
if (shift == 0) break;
if (((u >> shift) & 0xff) != wholeTest) break;
shift -= 8;
if (((u >> shift) & 0x80) != bitTest) {
shift += 8;
break;
}
}
return shift;
}
inline BinaryWriter& _put_medium_int(BinaryWriter& w, uint64_t u, int shift, int extra) {
w.put(uint8_t(int(BinaryTag::MediumInteger_lo) + (shift >> 3) + extra));
if (extra) w.put(0);
while (shift >= 0) {
w.put(uint8_t((u >> shift) & 0xff));
shift -= 8;
}
return w;
}
inline BinaryWriter& operator<<(BinaryWriter& w, int64_t i) {
if (i < 0) {
if (i >= -3) {
return w.put(uint8_t(int(BinaryTag::SmallInteger_lo) + 16 + i));
} else {
uint64_t u;
memcpy(&u, &i, sizeof(i));
return _put_medium_int(w, u, _shift_for<0xff, 0x80>(u), 0);
}
} else {
if (i <= 12) {
return w.put(uint8_t(int(BinaryTag::SmallInteger_lo) + i));
} else {
uint64_t u;
memcpy(&u, &i, sizeof(i));
return _put_medium_int(w, u, _shift_for<0x00, 0x00>(u), 0);
}
}
}
inline BinaryWriter& operator<<(BinaryWriter& w, uint64_t u) {
if (u <= 12) {
return w.put(uint8_t(int(BinaryTag::SmallInteger_lo) + u));
} else if ((u & 0x8000000000000000) != 0) {
return _put_medium_int(w, u, 56, 1);
} else {
return _put_medium_int(w, u, _shift_for<0x00, 0x00>(u), 0);
}
}
}

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#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <limits>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
namespace Preserves {
template <typename T, typename Atom, ValueKind kind>
class Atomic: public ValueImpl<T> {
protected:
Atom value;
public:
Atomic(Atom const& value) : value(value) {}
Atom& _value() { return value; }
Atom const& _value() const { return value; }
ValueKind value_kind() const { return kind; }
};
#define PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Name, a_t, r_t, VK, getter, extra) \
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded> \
class Name: public Atomic<T, a_t, VK> { \
public: \
Name(a_t const& value) : Atomic<T, a_t, VK>(value) {} \
boost::optional<r_t> getter() const override { return this->value; } \
extra \
}
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Boolean, bool, bool, ValueKind::Boolean, as_bool,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w << this->_value();
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Float, float, float, ValueKind::Float, as_float,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w << this->_value();
}
boost::optional<double> as_double() const override {
return this->value;
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Double, double, double, ValueKind::Double, as_double,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w << this->_value();
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Uint64, uint64_t, uint64_t, ValueKind::SignedInteger, as_unsigned,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w << this->_value();
}
boost::optional<int64_t> as_signed() const override {
if (this->value <= uint64_t(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max())) {
return this->value;
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
boost::optional<float> as_float() const override {
if (uint64_t(float(this->value)) == this->value) {
return float(this->value);
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
boost::optional<double> as_double() const override {
if (uint64_t(double(this->value)) == this->value) {
return double(this->value);
} else {
return boost::none;
}
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Int64, int64_t, int64_t, ValueKind::SignedInteger, as_signed,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w << this->_value();
}
boost::optional<uint64_t> as_unsigned() const override {
if (this->value >= 0) {
return this->value;
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
boost::optional<float> as_float() const override {
if (int64_t(float(this->value)) == this->value) {
return float(this->value);
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
boost::optional<double> as_double() const override {
if (int64_t(double(this->value)) == this->value) {
return double(this->value);
} else {
return boost::none;
}
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(BigNum, std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t> const&, ValueKind::SignedInteger, as_bignum,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w.bignum(this->_value());
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(String, std::string, std::string const&, ValueKind::String, as_string,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w.string(this->_value());
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(ByteString, std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<uint8_t> const&, ValueKind::ByteString, as_bytes,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w.bytes(this->_value());
});
PRESERVES_ATOMIC_VALUE_CLASS(Symbol, std::string, std::string const&, ValueKind::Symbol, as_symbol,
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w.symbol(this->_value());
});
template <typename T>
class Record: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
Value<T> labelValue;
std::vector<Value<T>> fields;
Record(Value<T> const& label) : labelValue(label), fields() {}
Record(Value<T> const& label, std::vector<Value<T>> const& fields) : labelValue(label), fields(fields) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Record; }
boost::optional<Value<T>> label() const override { return labelValue; }
size_t size() const { return fields.size(); }
boost::optional<Value<T>> get(size_t index) const {
if (index < size()) {
return fields[index];
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
bool add(Value<T> const& value) override {
fields.push_back(value);
return true;
}
bool set(size_t index, Value<T> const& value) override {
if (index < size()) {
fields[index] = value;
}
return false;
}
bool operator<(Record<T> const& other) const {
if (labelValue < other.labelValue) return true;
if (other.labelValue < labelValue) return false;
return fields < other.fields;
}
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w.record(labelValue, fields);
}
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Sequence: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
std::vector<Value<T>> values;
Sequence() : values() {}
Sequence(std::vector<Value<T>> const& values) : values(values) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Sequence; }
boost::optional<std::vector<Value<T>> const&> as_sequence() const override {
return values;
}
size_t size() const override { return values.size(); }
boost::optional<Value<T>> get(size_t index) const override {
if (index < size()) {
return values[index];
} else {
return boost::none;
}
}
bool add(Value<T> const& value) override {
values.push_back(value);
return true;
}
bool set(size_t index, Value<T> const& value) override {
if (index < size()) {
values[index] = value;
}
return false;
}
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w.sequence(values);
}
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Set: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
std::set<Value<T>> values;
Set() : values() {}
Set(std::set<Value<T>> const& values) : values(values) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Set; }
boost::optional<std::set<Value<T>> const&> as_set() const override {
return values;
}
size_t size() const override { return values.size(); }
bool contains(Value<T> const& key) const override { return values.count(key) > 0; }
bool add(Value<T> const& value) override {
return values.insert(value).second;
}
bool erase(Value<T> const& value) override {
return values.erase(value) > 0;
}
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w.set(values);
}
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Dictionary: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
std::map<Value<T>, Value<T>> values;
Dictionary() : values() {}
Dictionary(std::map<Value<T>, Value<T>> const& values) : values(values) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Dictionary; }
boost::optional<std::map<Value<T>, Value<T>> const&> as_dictionary() const override {
return values;
}
size_t size() const override { return values.size(); }
bool contains(Value<T> const& key) const override { return values.count(key) > 0; }
boost::optional<Value<T>> get(Value<T> const& key) const override {
auto i = values.find(key);
if (i == values.end()) return boost::none;
return i->second;
}
bool set(Value<T> const& key, Value<T> const& value) override {
return values.emplace(key, value).second;
}
bool erase(Value<T> const& key) override {
return values.erase(key) > 0;
}
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
return w.dictionary(values);
}
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Embedded: public ValueImpl<T> {
public:
std::shared_ptr<T> value;
Embedded(std::shared_ptr<T> const& value) : value(value) {}
ValueKind value_kind() const { return ValueKind::Embedded; }
boost::optional<std::shared_ptr<T>> as_embedded() const override {
return value;
}
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const override {
w << BinaryTag::Embedded;
return value->write(w);
}
};
class GenericEmbedded: public Value<GenericEmbedded> {
public:
GenericEmbedded(std::shared_ptr<ValueImpl<GenericEmbedded>> p) :
Value(p)
{}
static std::shared_ptr<GenericEmbedded> wrap(Value<> v) {
return std::make_shared<GenericEmbedded>(v._impl());
}
BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const {
return (*this)->write(w);
}
};
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_bool(bool b)
{
return Value<T>(new Boolean<T>(b));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_float(float f)
{
return Value<T>(new Float<T>(f));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_double(double d)
{
return Value<T>(new Double<T>(d));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_int(uint64_t i)
{
return Value<T>(new Uint64<T>(i));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_int(int64_t i) {
return Value<T>(new Int64<T>(i));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_string(std::string const& s) {
return Value<T>(new String<T>(s));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::sequence(std::vector<Value<T>> const& values) {
return Value<T>(new Sequence<T>(values));
}
template <typename T>
Value<T> Value<T>::from_embedded(std::shared_ptr<T> const& v) {
return Value<T>(new Embedded<T>(v));
}
}

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#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <limits>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
namespace Preserves {
enum class ValueKind {
Boolean,
Float,
Double,
SignedInteger,
String,
ByteString,
Symbol,
Record,
Sequence,
Set,
Dictionary,
Embedded,
};
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded> class Record;
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded> class ValueImpl;
template <typename T = class GenericEmbedded>
class Value {
std::shared_ptr<ValueImpl<T>> p;
public:
Value(std::shared_ptr<ValueImpl<T>> const& p) : p(p) {}
Value(ValueImpl<T> *p) : p(p) {}
std::shared_ptr<ValueImpl<T>> _impl() const { return p; }
static Value from_bool(bool b);
static Value from_float(float f);
static Value from_double(double d);
static Value from_int(uint64_t i);
static Value from_int(int64_t i);
static Value from_string(std::string const& s);
static Value from_bytes(std::vector<uint8_t> const& v);
static Value from_bytes(std::vector<char> const& v);
static Value from_bytes(void *p, size_t len);
static Value from_symbol(std::string const& s);
static Value record(Record<T> const& r);
static Value record(Value const& label, std::vector<Value> const& fields);
static Value sequence(std::vector<Value> const& items);
static Value set(std::set<Value> const& items);
static Value dictionary(std::map<Value, Value> const& entries);
static Value from_embedded(std::shared_ptr<T> const& p);
static Value from_unsigned(uint64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from_signed(int64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from_bignum(std::vector<uint8_t> const& v);
static Value from_number(uint64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from_number(int64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from_number(float f) { return from_float(f); }
static Value from_number(double d) { return from_double(d); }
static Value from(bool b) { return from_bool(b); }
static Value from(float f) { return from_float(f); }
static Value from(double d) { return from_double(d); }
static Value from(uint64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from(unsigned i) { return from_int(uint64_t(i)); }
static Value from(int64_t i) { return from_int(i); }
static Value from(signed i) { return from_int(int64_t(i)); }
static Value from(std::string const& s) { return from_string(s); }
static Value from(char const* s) { return from_string(s); }
static Value from(std::vector<uint8_t> const& v) { return from_bytes(v); }
static Value from(std::vector<char> const& v) { return from_bytes(v); }
static Value from(void *p, size_t len) { return from_bytes(p, len); }
static Value from(Record<T> const& r) { return record(r); }
static Value from(Value const& label, std::vector<Value> const& fields) { return record(label, fields); }
static Value from(std::vector<Value> const& items) { return sequence(items); }
static Value from(std::set<Value> const& items) { return set(items); }
static Value from(std::map<Value, Value> const& entries) { return dictionary(entries); }
ValueImpl<T>& operator*() const { return *p; }
ValueImpl<T>* operator->() const { return p.get(); }
ValueKind value_kind() const;
bool is_mutable() const;
bool is_bool() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Boolean; }
bool is_float() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Float; }
bool is_double() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Double; }
bool is_int() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::SignedInteger; }
bool is_string() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::String; }
bool is_bytes() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::ByteString; }
bool is_symbol() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Symbol; }
bool is_record() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Record; }
bool is_sequence() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Sequence; }
bool is_set() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Set; }
bool is_dictionary() const { return value_kind() == ValueKind::Dictionary; }
boost::optional<bool> as_bool() const;
bool to_bool() const { return as_bool().value(); }
boost::optional<float> as_float() const;
float to_float() const { return as_float().value(); }
boost::optional<double> as_double() const;
double to_double() const { return as_double().value(); }
boost::optional<uint64_t> as_unsigned() const;
uint64_t to_unsigned() const { return as_unsigned().value(); }
boost::optional<int64_t> as_signed() const;
int64_t to_signed() const { return as_signed().value(); }
boost::optional<std::vector<uint8_t> const&> as_bignum() const;
std::vector<uint8_t> const& to_bignum() const { return as_bignum().value(); }
boost::optional<std::string const&> as_string() const;
std::string const& to_string() const { return as_string().value(); }
boost::optional<std::vector<uint8_t> const&> as_bytes() const;
std::vector<uint8_t> const& to_bytes() const { return as_bytes().value(); }
boost::optional<std::string const&> as_symbol() const;
std::string const& to_symbol() const { return as_symbol().value(); }
boost::optional<Record<T> const&> as_record() const;
Record<T> const& to_record() const { return as_record().value(); };
boost::optional<std::vector<Value> const&> as_sequence() const;
std::vector<Value> const& to_sequence() const { return as_sequence().value(); }
boost::optional<std::set<Value> const&> as_set() const;
std::set<Value> const& to_set() const { return as_set().value(); }
boost::optional<std::map<Value,Value> const&> as_dictionary() const;
std::map<Value,Value> const& to_dictionary() const { return as_dictionary().value(); }
boost::optional<std::shared_ptr<T>> as_embedded() const;
std::shared_ptr<T> to_embedded() const { return as_embedded().value(); }
boost::optional<Value> label() const;
size_t size() const;
bool contains(Value const& key) const;
boost::optional<Value> get(Value const& key) const;
Value operator[](Value const& key) const { return get(key).value(); }
boost::optional<Value> get(size_t index) const;
Value operator[](size_t index) const { return get(index).value(); }
};
class BinaryWriter; // forward declaration; see preserves_binary_writer.hpp
template <typename T>
class ValueImpl {
public:
virtual ~ValueImpl() {}
virtual ValueKind value_kind() const = 0;
virtual bool is_mutable() const { return false; }
virtual boost::optional<bool> as_bool() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<float> as_float() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<double> as_double() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<uint64_t> as_unsigned() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<int64_t> as_signed() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::vector<uint8_t> const&> as_bignum() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::string const&> as_string() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::vector<uint8_t> const&> as_bytes() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::string const&> as_symbol() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<Record<T> const&> as_record() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::vector<Value<T>> const&> as_sequence() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::set<Value<T>> const&> as_set() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::map<Value<T>,Value<T>> const&> as_dictionary() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<std::shared_ptr<T>> as_embedded() const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<Value<T>> label() const { return boost::none; }
virtual size_t size() const { return 0; }
virtual bool contains(Value<T> const& /* key */) const { return false; }
virtual boost::optional<Value<T>> get(Value<T> const& /* key */) const { return boost::none; }
virtual boost::optional<Value<T>> get(size_t /* index */) const { return boost::none; }
virtual bool add(Value<T> const& /* item */) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot add item to Preserves value");
}
virtual bool set(Value<T> const& /* key */, Value<T> const& /* value */) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot set item by key in Preserves value");
}
virtual bool set(size_t /* index */, Value<T> const& /* value */) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot set item by index in Preserves value");
}
virtual bool erase(Value<T> const& /* key */) {
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot erase item in Preserves value");
}
virtual BinaryWriter& write(BinaryWriter& w) const = 0;
};
template <typename T> ValueKind Value<T>::value_kind() const { return p->value_kind(); }
template <typename T> bool Value<T>::is_mutable() const { return p->is_mutable(); }
#define PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(t, name) \
template <typename T> boost::optional<t> Value<T>::name() const { return p->name(); }
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(bool, as_bool);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(float, as_float);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(double, as_double);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(uint64_t, as_unsigned);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(int64_t, as_signed);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::vector<uint8_t> const&, as_bignum);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::string const&, as_string);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::vector<uint8_t> const&, as_bytes);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::string const&, as_symbol);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(Record<T> const&, as_record);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::vector<Value<T>> const&, as_sequence);
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::set<Value<T>> const&, as_set);
#define COMMA ,
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::map<Value<T> COMMA Value<T>> const&, as_dictionary);
#undef COMMA
PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST(std::shared_ptr<T>, as_embedded);
#undef PRESERVES_DELEGATE_CAST
template <typename T> boost::optional<Value<T>> Value<T>::get(size_t index) const { return p->get(index); }
template <typename T> size_t Value<T>::size() const { return p->size(); }
inline bool bignum_lt(std::vector<uint8_t> const& a, std::vector<uint8_t> const& b) {
bool aNegative = (a.size() > 0) && (a[0] & 0x80);
bool bNegative = (b.size() > 0) && (b[0] & 0x80);
if (aNegative != bNegative) return aNegative;
if (aNegative) {
if (a.size() > b.size()) return true;
if (a.size() < b.size()) return false;
return a < b;
} else {
if (a.size() > b.size()) return false;
if (a.size() < b.size()) return true;
return a < b;
}
}
template <typename T>
bool operator<(Value<T> const& a, Value<T> const &b) {
auto aKind = a.value_kind();
auto bKind = b.value_kind();
if (aKind < bKind) return true;
if (bKind < aKind) return false;
switch (aKind) {
case ValueKind::Boolean: return a.to_bool() < b.to_bool();
case ValueKind::Float: return a.to_float() < b.to_float();
case ValueKind::Double: return a.to_double() < b.to_double();
case ValueKind::SignedInteger: {
if (auto av = a.as_signed()) {
if (auto bv = b.as_signed()) {
return *av < *bv;
} else {
return true;
}
} else {
if (auto bv = b.as_signed()) {
return false;
} else {
if (auto av = a.as_unsigned()) {
if (auto bv = b.as_unsigned()) {
return *av < *bv;
} else {
return true;
}
} else {
if (auto bv = b.as_unsigned()) {
return false;
} else {
return bignum_lt(a.to_bignum(), b.to_bignum());
}
}
}
}
}
case ValueKind::String: return a.to_string() < b.to_string();
case ValueKind::ByteString: return a.to_bytes() < b.to_bytes();
case ValueKind::Symbol: return a.to_symbol() < b.to_symbol();
case ValueKind::Record: return a.to_record() < b.to_record();
case ValueKind::Sequence: return a.to_sequence() < b.to_sequence();
case ValueKind::Set: return a.to_set() < b.to_set();
case ValueKind::Dictionary: return a.to_dictionary() < b.to_dictionary();
case ValueKind::Embedded: return *a.to_embedded() < *b.to_embedded();
default: throw std::runtime_error("Invalid ValueKind");
}
}
}